Bridges

A34 Wolvercote Viaduct Replacement
The A34 Wolvercote viaduct is being replaced.	The viaduct was built in 1961 and now it will be cheaper to replace it.	The A34 is one of the major transport routes from Southampton to the Midlands.
The new viaduct will be wider to satisfy new safety regulations.

A40 Acton Bridges, London
An artist’s schematic of one of the new bridges in place.	Support work underway.	Service rerouting for Thames Water was essential.
The position of the two bridges.	The Wales Farm road bridge is well advanced.	The old brick built Perryn Road bridge.
The Perryn Road bridge carrying the traffic load of a modern A40.	The A40 in Acton showing the ramps on and off and the two bridges.	The services shaft for carrying water and other services was a major rerouting project.
10 The bridge reconstruction and realignment site.

Allegheny River Bridge Replacement, Pennsylvania
The bridge construction project is part of a total reconstruction of Interstate 76.	The bridge will be 2,350ft long.	The piers will carry the twin decks across the river.
The new bridge will carry I-76 traffic.

Bandra Cable-Stay Bridge,
The Bandra Cable-Stay Bridge will be opened in January 2009.	There are twin decks on these pre-cast segment viaduct sections.	Pre-cast segments being lifted into place on the Bandra Cable-Stay Bridge.
Cables are supplied in a galvanised form and are rigorously tested before use.	Launching trusses are used to lift the segments into place.	The middle cable-stayed section of the Bandra Cable-Stay Bridge can be seen.

Benicia-Martinez Bridge, Bay Area, California
The Benicia-Martinez Bridge in an advanced state of construction.	Cap footing for the pier tower of the bridge.	APE 300 vibro for piling.
Pier frames for the new bridge.	Piers constructed ready for the bridge sections to be placed to complete the construction.	Construction of the reinforcing metal for the concrete castings.
Bridge construction from the water level.	Much of the construction work is being carried out from specially constructed barges.

Brightman Street Bridge Replacement
The bridge construction has been delayed several times.	The new bridge will give a 60ft clearance above the water as opposed to 30ft with the old bridge.	The third phase of construction is now underway.

Burway Bridge Replacement
The original Burway Bridge collapsed, could not be repaired and had to be removed.	Bore holes taken around the area of the Burway Bridge site have given a good indication of the state of the soil and therefore influenced the type of foundations.	The new Burway Bridge will be longer than the old one and the foundations will start further back.
The design of the new Burway Bridge has increased strength and stronger foundations so that a collapse will be unlikely in the future.	After the original Burway Bridge collapsed on 27 June 2007, the main route into the town of Ludlow was disrupted.

Busan - Geoje Fixed Link
The Busan - Geoje fixed link comprises 4km of immersed tunnel and two 2km cable-stayed bridges.	Two bridges feature in this project: a two-pylon cable-stayed bridge and a three-pylon cable-stayed bridge.	The total length of tunnel will be approximately 4km, with 270m portals connecting the tunnel to the bridge section and Geoje Island. The tunnels are to be designed for two-lane traffic with emergency / crawler lane hard shoulder.

Carquinez Bridge Replacement,
The 1927 westbound Carquinez Bridge across the Carquinez Straits, San Francisco Bay area, has been replaced with a new twin-tower suspension bridge.	Construction on the Carquinez Bridge started early in 2000 and was finished in late 2003.	The bridges carry Interstate Highway 80 (I-80) over the Carquinez Straits.
The new bridge and the refurbishment were required as the original Carquinez Bridges did not meet seismic design or traffic safety standards.	The Carquinez Strait prior to the new bridge; refurbishment was required to meet traffic safety standards.	The towers of the Alfred Zampa Memorial Bridge under construction in 2002.
A $4 toll is charged on the eastbound direction of the Carquinez Bridge.

Chao Phraya Bridges, Bangkok
The Mega Bridge completed in October 2006.	The areas beneath the Mega Bridge complex has been landscaped.	The A frame cable stays being completed prior to opening.
The view over the city from the top of the bridge is stunning.	Kanchanaphisek Outer Ring Road Bridge is still under construction.	Kanchanaphisek Outer Ring Road Bridge is due to be completed by summer 2007 to complete the industrial ring road.

Charles River Bridge Replacement,
The Leonard P. Zakim Bunker Hill Bridge is designed to carry ten lanes of traffic.	The Storrow Drive Connector Bridge won the 2001 National Steel Bridge Alliance (NSBA) Prize Bridge Award in the Medium Long Span category.	North tower of the I-93 cable stayed bridge under construction on the shore of the Charles River.
Construction of the north back span of the cable stayed bridge.	Concrete trucks connected to a special rig that pumps the concrete up to the cable stayed bridge tower.	South tower of the cable-stayed bridge, viewed from a construction platform on the north tower.

Confusion Hill Bridges
Construction of the south Confusion Hill bridge is 50% completed.	The Confusion Hill project will relocate US Route 101 to avoid continuing rock slide problems.	Pier 2 and 3 of the south bridge have now been completed, but the Confusion Hill bypass is not expected to be complete until autumn 2009.
The construction work on the south bridge of the Confusion Hill project is making use of a segmental cast-in-place technique.	The slant leg north bridge was completed in early 2008.	Excavation work is continuing to link the two Confusion Hill bridges and complete the project.

Cooper River Bridge
Cooper River Bridge will connect two major municipal areas and offers eight lanes for traffic plus a pedestrian/bike lane.	The main span towers are founded on 10ft diameter drilled shafts surrounded by rock islands. The towers will stand 570ft above the water.	Light planes, located at the apex, reinforce the tower's diamond shape. These lights highlight the bridge's axis as well accentuating the cables at night.
The creation of a landmark architectural design in the area is the driving idea behind the Cooper River Bridge project. The single tower scheme is intended to reflect the nearby elegance of the city of Charleston.	The bridge opened to traffic in July 2005, nearly a year early.	The diamond shaped supports are distinctive.
Bridge construction (structural steel).	The road deck leading to the bridge.	Structural steel being fabricated.
Section of the bridge being lifted into position.

Croatan Sound Bridge, Manteo, NC
The Croatan Sound Bridge is a replacement of the William B. Umstead Bridge.	25 test piles were driven, one for approx. every 11 bents.	The structure is pile supported using low-water footings only in the high-rise portion.

Danube Bridge 2
The bridge will use a similar design to this reinforced concrete highway bridge.	There will now be two crossings over the Danube in Bulgaria with plans for a third.	Most of Bulgaria’s road infrastructure needs updating.
The Danube provides a natural border between Bulgaria and Romania.	Bulgaria needs to improve its road links with the rest of Europe as it is now a prime vacation destination in the EU.

Drammen Bridge, Drammen
The new Drammen Bridge will ease traffic congestion on the existing two-lane bridge and connect Oslo and the surrounding areas along the coast.	Standing 0.6m apart, the two bridges will appear as one bridge with circular columns.	The new Drammen Bridge will have 42 spans varying from 20m to 60m and the pier columns are being built in a circular cross section of Ø2m.
The project is divided into two phases; the first phase is the construction of the new bridge alongside the existing bridge, the second will focus on upgrading the existing bridge.	During the Drammen Bridge construction, a Movable Shuttering System (MSS) is being used to carry the separate spans	Both bridges side by side prior to the modifications to the old bridge and the façade installation.

Finnieston Bridge, Glasgow, Scotland
Early stages in the construction of Finnieston Bridge.	The completed Finnieston Bridge.	Finnieston Bridge constuction.
Aerial view of where the Finnieston Bridge will cross the River Clyde.	Construction of the main bridge span.

Folsom Lake Crossing,
The bridge structure at Folsom Lake Crossing as of May 2008.	The Folsom dam bridge will be a segmental cast-in-place concrete structure.	The dam road, which formed the previous crossing was closed in 2003 after security issues.
The new Folsom Lake Crossing will relieve rush-hour-traffic impact on local businesses.

Fort Lauderdale 17th Street
The new 17th Street Causeway Bridge in Fort Lauderdale increases the vertical clearance and the channel width.	Variable depth segmental approaches.	Diagram of the balanced cantilever method.
Diagram of the progressive cantilever method.	A temporary Dutch style bridge was built for use during construction of the permanent bridge.	Erecting segments for the bridge.
Pouring concrete at one of the piers.

Frederick Douglass-Susan B Anthony Memorial Bridge (formerly Troup Howell)
The Troup Howell triple steel-arch bridge will replace the aging Interstate 490 bridge across the Genesee River in downtown Rochester, Monroe County.	The Interstate 490 corridor is an important gateway from Western New York State to Rochester’s western residential neighbourhoods and central business district.	Approximately 5,305ft of steel cable will be used, descending from the ribs to the floor beams supporting the concrete deck.
The arches will rise 70ft above the highway.	The new bridge will be 85ft high, 433ft long and 130.6ft wide. The width of 130.6ft will make it the widest bridge of this type in the country.	The Troup Howell bridge has been renamed and was opened in June 2007.

Friedberg Bridge, Friedberg
Installation can be carried out quickly.	The bridge is prefabricated and transported to the location.	The deck is hoisted into place with the minimum of disruption.
The deck can then accept the paved surface for completion.

Fuller Warren Bridge Replacement,
The new Fuller Warren Bridge in Jacksonville, Florida, USA, is an eight-lane, 1.4-mile-long bridge across the St. Johns River.	The replacement bridge structure consists of 52 spans totalling more than 7,500ft.	The 650ft channel unit is three continuous spans (200ft, 250ft, 200ft) made of 3ft to 80ft-deep modified bulb tee segments and two haunched pier segments.
The superstructure is supported by hammerhead type piers founded on 36ft, 48ft or 72ft diameter drilled shafts.	The new bridge provides three lanes in each direction for the I-95 and an auxiliary lane in each direction for traffic to enter or exit the I-95.

Gateway Motorway Upgrade Project, Queensland
The A$1.88bn project will expand 12km of road.	Bridge deck sections being cast.	The A$350m deck is the focus of the project.
The new Gateway Bridge is being built next to the original.

Hangzhou Bay Bridge
The 36km-long Hangzhou Bay Bridge is a six-lane highway bridge and the longest ocean-crossing bridge in the world.	The service island at the middle of the Hangzhou Bay Bridge serves as a sightseeing location for drivers and can also support rescue services.	The S-shaped Hangzhou Bay Bridge will shorten the ground transportation distance from Ningbo to Shanghai by 120km and travel time from four hours to two hours.
A temporary 10km trestle has been erected for pile driving and pier construction. Each previously erected span will serve as the deck for transportation and erection of the next girders as the launching gantry moves forward.	Giant floating cranes with accurate anchoring devices are used for shipping and erecting the girders.	Construction work on the Hangzhou Bay Bridge began in June 2003 and completion is scheduled for 2008.
An artist's impression of the finished cable-stayed bridge.	A map of the route of the bridge across the delta.

Hardanger Suspension Bridge
The height of the towers above sea level will be approximately 186m. The Hardanger bridge will have a clearance above mean high water at mid-span of 55m.	The suspension bridge will cross the Hardangerfjord in south-western Norway.	The total length of the Hardanger bridge will be 1,380m, and the design length of the main span is 1,310m.
The bridge is set to replace the current ferry connection between Brurvik and Brimnes.

I-10 Bridges, Escambia Bay, FL
The I-10 Bridge project over Escambia Bay near Pensacola has replaced the temporary steel bridges with two new, three-lane bridges at a cost of $243m.	Each bridge consists of three 12ft travel lanes and 10ft inside and outside shoulders. The I-10 eastbound on-ramp and the I-10 westbound off-ramp at Scenic Highway has also been strengthened.	The minimum clearance over water on the new bridges is 25ft, whereas the clearance of the previous bridge was less than 12ft.

I-280 Maumee River Crossing, OH
The 8,800ft-long I-280 Maumee River Crossing is a new cable-stayed bridge connecting north Toledo and east Toledo at Maumee Bay and will replace the existing I-280 Craig Memorial Bridge.	Glass panels equipped with an LED lighting system will be installed on all four sides of the Maumee River Crossing Bridge's main pylon. Each LED will last 100,000 hours, providing 22 years of illumination at 12 hours per day.

Incheon Bridge, Seoul
The Incheon Bridge will be a 12.3km (7.4-mile) toll bridge that will link the Seoul–Incheon expressway with the Seohaean expressway.	The most difficult part of the construction will be the cable-stayed bridge portion lying over the main sea route in and out of Incheon Port.	The main bridge will have a vertical clearance of 74m (242ft) and five span lengths of 80m, 260m, 800m, 260m and 80m.
The Incheon Bridge will link the recently completed Incheon International Airport and the international business district of New Songdo City.	The 33.4m-wide bridge will support three lanes in each direction across the span and will include manual and electronic toll booths on the island side.

Manukau Harbour Bridge
A sketch of the planned project, which aims to relieve congestion through Auckland.	The Manukau harbour already has one existing motorway bridge, opened in 1984.	A duplicate bridge will now be built to increase capacity and improve efficiency and safety across the harbour.
The two bridges will carry a total of eight lanes across the harbour (four in each direction).	At this stage the bridge project will continue but further modifications involving the Gloucester Park Interchange are under consideration.	The Manukau Harbour is on the north island in Auckland.

Maysville Bridge (William H Harsha Bridge),
The Maysville Bridge is also known as the William H Harsha Bridge.	The Maysville Bridge, which carries US Highway 62/68, was completed in 2000.	Bracket to hold the force regulating units.
The Maysville (William H Harsha) Bridge forms a connection between Kentucky and Ohio over the Ohio River.	The bridge is 2,100ft long and comprises two 125ft-long anchor spans, two 400ft-long flanking spans and the 1,050ft-long channel span.

Messina Straits Bridge, Sicily
Satellite image of where the bridge will be constructed across the Straits of Messina.	Explanation of the bridge anchorages.	A computer-generated image of the Messina Straits Bridge, viewed from the mainland.
Computer-generated view of the Messina Straits Bridge.	The Messina Straits Bridge, viewed from Sicily (computer generated).	Explanation of the bridge deck.
Explanation of the bridge towers.

Millau Viaduct
At 2.4km long, and 270m above the river at its highest point, the Millau viaduct spans a 2km valley in the Massif Central mountain range.	The Millau Viaduct has a slight curve as a straight road could have induced a sensation of floating for drivers.	On 14 December 2001, the French minister Jean-Claude Gayssot laid the first stone of the Millau Viaduct.